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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kik- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to rub, grind (at each other) face="Times New Roman Star"тереть, скрести (друг о друга) face="Times New Roman Star"kik- 'to sharpen and whet a knife', kikc?u"r- 'whet a knife' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kikiri:- 'to rub with a noise' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 270, EDT 710, 714. face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"glowing coals face="Times New Roman Star"раскаленные уголья face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z, ku"z face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z (AH , Qutb ., Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z face="Times New Roman Star"ko":z face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s face="Times New Roman Star"kъw|var face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 85-86, Лексика 365-366. There are also variants *Ko:r/ / *Ko:r (VEWT 285) and the verb *ko":re- 'to glow'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?yk, *gi:c?i- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 itching, tickling 2 to tickle face="Times New Roman Star"1 зуд, щекотка 2 щекотать face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i-, qyc?y-la- (v.) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik- 2, giz?|ik, gyz?|yk 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kec?e- (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"giz?|ik 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gi:z?|i 1, Gyz?|yq 1, gi:z?|e- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"w 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, 269, ЭСТЯ 3, 42-43, 6, 186-187, TMN 3, 567, EDT 591, 695. The back row variant is interacting with PT *Kyc?- 'to scrape, itch' q. v. sub *k`i_u\c?u\ . face="Times New Roman Star"*tu"ge-le- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"whirlwind, (snow-)storm face="Times New Roman Star"вихрь, (снежная) буря face="Times New Roman Star"tu"lex (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tu"velej face="Times New Roman Star"tu":lek (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 44-45. The root is local, but for phonetic reasons should be kept distinct from *tu"pi 'wind, storm' q. v. sub *t`i_up`i (with which it is linked in EDT 436). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kuml/uj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a louse or tick full of blood face="Times New Roman Star"вошь или клещ, напившийся крови face="Times New Roman Star"qums?uj (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 629. An expressive variant may be represented in OT (MK ) ko"mic?e 'gnat' (EDT 722). face="Times New Roman Star"*Tap-la- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chop off splinters 2 to forge, hammer face="Times New Roman Star"1 тесать 2 ковать 3 трамбовать face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapla- 'бить, выравнивать' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|pta- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapdala- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"topta- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"taptaj- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tabla- 'to hammer' face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 462, ОСНЯ 2, 108-109, Ашм. XIV, 48. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 rank, stage, row 2 similar, equal 3 one of a pair, odd 4 time face="Times New Roman Star"1 ранг, степень, ряд 2 сходный, равный 3 один из двух, нечетный 4 время, раз face="Times New Roman Star"qur 1, 4 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qur 1, 4 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kor 1, kur 1, 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qor 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qur 4 (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qur 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qur 'line' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qor 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gor 'layer' face="Times New Roman Star"xъrax 2,3 face="Times New Roman Star"kurduk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qur 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qor 4, (dial.) 'row of coins' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 642, ЭСТЯ 6, 73, 151-152, VEWT 301-302 (to be distinguished from *Kur 'belt'). ЭСТЯ (ibid.) distinguishes between *Kor 'layer, row' and *Kur 'time' - but the roots, even if distinguished originally, became quite confused already in Old Turkic. Turk. > Hung. kor 'age', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"re- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to run away face="Times New Roman Star"убегать face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re:- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re:- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rgu"c?to"- 'загонять скот', ku"rgu"j 'возглас, которым гонят ягнят' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 737, VEWT 310, ЭСТЯ 5, 146, Stachowski 166. face="Times New Roman Star"*yna- face="Times New Roman Star"to trust, rely on face="Times New Roman Star"доверять, полагаться на face="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ynan- face="Times New Roman Star"nen- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 654-656, VEWT 165 (cf. also *yn-gaj 'direction'). Turk. *yna-k > WMong. inag| (see TMN 2, 219, Щербак 1997 , 163). face="Times New Roman Star"*sarga- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a plant which grows in damp places 1 a plant growing in saline grounds face="Times New Roman Star"1 растение, живущее во влажных местах 2 растение, живущее на солончаках face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an, sarg|an qamys? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"saraGan 'скумпия (кустарник)' face="Times New Roman Star"? surъx s@lli 'овсяника овечья' (? Дмитриева 1988 , 42; lit. 'sheep oats') face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 849, VEWT 403. Cf. also *siar/ 'reed' (in Oghuz languages, see under *siar/ 'marsh' - perhaps a contamination), as well as some forms dealt with under *sarymsak (v. sub *sera ). face="Times New Roman Star"*samala ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tar face="Times New Roman Star"деготь face="Times New Roman Star"samla, samala (MA , AH , CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|mala face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399. It is also worth noting Bashk. humalaq 'lump of clay' and Tat. sumala 'tar' (possibly < Chuv.). Федотов 2, 23-24. The word is attested quite late and is usually regarded as borrowed < Russ. смола. This might be true, but let us note that no other Russian words were hitherto discovered in Chagatai. face="Times New Roman Star"*TVbVr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"second face="Times New Roman Star"второй face="Times New Roman Star"Bulg. tvirem face="Times New Roman Star"teb@r, teb@rew face="Times New Roman Star"Chuv. -b- is secondary, on analogy with p@w|rem 'first'. face="Times New Roman Star"*jakyl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of small hawk face="Times New Roman Star"вид небольшого ястреба face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"jag|labaj (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"jan|albaj 'siskin' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ag|almaj face="Times New Roman Star"z?ag|altaj face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, ЭСТЯ 4, 10-11. face="Times New Roman Star"*jom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 big number, quantity, all 2 to come together, assemble face="Times New Roman Star"1 большое число, количество, все 2 собирать(ся) face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jomg|y (MK ) 1, jomyt- (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jumus?- 2 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jomut- 2 (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jumyt-, jumut- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jom-, jomul-, jumul- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 935, ЭСТЯ 4, 219-220. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pest, epidemic 2 mischief 3 archenemy face="Times New Roman Star"1 чума, эпидемия 2 несчастье 3 заклятый враг face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (jag|y) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyran 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qiran 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr (dus?man) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyr (o"sto":x) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, ЭСТЯ 6, 224. Cf. also PT *Kurul- 'to have cramps' (VEWT 304). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spark 2 ashes face="Times New Roman Star"1 искра 2 зола face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xybyn 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qybyn 1, qybyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kybyan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qypyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, 265, Лексика 369, ЭСТЯ 6, 223. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to praise 2 to rejoice face="Times New Roman Star"1 хвалить 2 радоваться face="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), o"gir- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|-, o"v- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"w- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o":ru"- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o":r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"v- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, 113, VEWT 369, ЭСТЯ 1, 494-495, Stachowski 251. face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to rise face="Times New Roman Star"подниматься face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (Yen., OUygh.), ag|-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 'to overflow' face="Times New Roman Star"awa-la- (of the sun) face="Times New Roman Star"a:- 'to vaporize' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)a:g- (а:g|- I) 'to rise' and *ia:g- (а:g| II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems ag|- 'to rise' and ag|na- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct. face="Times New Roman Star"*ebir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to turn face="Times New Roman Star"поворачивать face="Times New Roman Star"ebir- (Orkh.), evir- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"evu"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"evir- face="Times New Roman Star"evir-, iber- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"o"wu"r- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"o"wu"r- face="Times New Roman Star"ibi>r- face="Times New Roman Star"ebir- face="Times New Roman Star"ebir- face="Times New Roman Star"avъr- face="Times New Roman Star"u"ji>r- face="Times New Roman Star"a"wir- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 14, VEWT 34, ЭСТЯ 1, 498-500, Егоров 20. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"kelek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gad-fly face="Times New Roman Star"овод face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ja"la"k face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kelek face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu"lex, bu"gu"je face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 212-213, Лексика 185.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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